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Damage Repair Costs in Four Low-Speed Crash Tests at just 5 MPH

Conducted by the Insurance Institue for Highway Safety

Bumpers should protect car bodies from damage in low-speed collisions, the kind that frequently occur in congested urban traffic. But many don't. The Institute conducts four 5 mph crash tests to assess bumper performance: front-into-flat-barrier, rear-into-flat-barrier, front-into-angle-barrier, and rear-into-pole. Vehicles are listed in alphabetical order by manufacturer.

NOTE:  Repair costs are as of January 2003

 

LARGE LUXURY CARS

MODELS

Front

into

flat

barrier

Rear

into

angle

barrier

Front

into

angle

barrier

Rear

into

pole

All

four

tests

Average

damage

per test

ACURA

2002 Models

$461
$149
$1613
$2188
$4411

$1103

BMW S SERIES

1997 Models

$498
$431
$1712
$1212
$3853
$963

BUICK PARK AVENUE

1999 Models

$210
$261
$639
$899
$2009
$502

CADILLAC CTS

2003 Models

$531
$648
$1460
$2049
$4688
$1172

CADILLAC SEVILLE

2000 Models

1997 Models

$626

$338

$177

$218

$858

$643

$645

$991

$2306

$2190

$548

$548

INFINITI Q45

2003 Models

1997 Models

$657

$375

$1252

$611

$2661

$1661

$1208

$1312

$5778

$3959

$1445

$990

LEXUS GS

1998 Models

$262
$283
$1991
$424
$2960
$740

LEXUS LS

2001 LS 430 Models

1998 LS 400 Models*

$96

$738

$437

$434

$1696

$2286

$815

$548

$3044

4006

$1002

$1002

LINCOLN CONTINENTAL

1997 Models

$0
$19
$957
$351
$1327
$332

LINCOLN LS

2000 Models

$0
$549
$1239
$1407
$3195
$799

LINCOLN TOWN CAR

2003 Models

$559
$1099
$1771
$1160
$4589
$1147

MERCEDES E CLASS

1997 Models

$442 $1228 $2113 $2715 $6498 $1625
* The front end of the 1998 LS 400 not tested, because no significant changes to the front bumper system were made between the 1997 and 1998 models.  It was assumed that the 1997 front-into-flat-barrier and front-into-angle-barrier damage results are also applicable to the 1998 model.
LARGE FAMILY CARS

BUICK LESABRE

2000 Models

$318 $93 $1188 $706 $2305 $576

CHEVROLET IMPALA

2000 Models

$678 $914 $794 $377 $2763 $691

CHRYSLER LHS

1999 Models

$731 $294 $598 $1048 $2671 $668

DODGE INTREPED

1999 Models

$132 $322 $486 $1425 $2365 $591

FORD TAURUS

2000 Models

1996 Models

1995 Models

$70

$0

$343

$0

$0

$355

$875

$756

$208

$713

$653

$2475

$1658

$1409

$3470

$415

$352

$868

PONTIAC GRAND PRIX

1997 Models

$454 $93 $397 $1074 $2018 $505
MIDSIZE INEXPENSIVE CARS

CHEVROLET CAVALIER

PONTIAC SUNFIRE

1995 Models

$513 $264 $820 $799 $2396 $599

CHEVROLET MALIBU

OLDSMOBILE CUTLASS

1999 Models

$719 $418 $645 $692 $2474 $619

DAEWOO LEGANZA

1999 Models

$364 $546 $1237 $985 $3132 $783

DODGE STRATUS

CHRYSLER CIRRUS

2001 STRATUS Model

1995 CIRRUS Model

$295

$435

$189

$776

$682

$311

$1589

$1643

$2755

$3165

$689

$791

FORD CONTOUR

MERCURY MISTIQUE

1998 Models

$305 $572 $1070 $1459 $3406 $852

HONDA ACCORD

2003 Models *

1998 Models

1995 Models

$335

$190

$357

$266

$323

$121

$423

$776

$823

$332

$228

$558

$1356

$1517

$1859

$339

$379

$465

HYUDAI SONATA

1999 Models

1996 Models

$353

$861

$310

$0

$1086

$1432

$1055

$1944

$2804

$4237

$701

$1059

MAZDA 626

1999 Models

$156 $573 $988 $194 $1911 $478

MITSUBISHI GALLANT

1999 Models

1995 Models

$209

$893

$512

$274

$881

$836

$267

$1838

$1869

$3841

$467

$960

NISSAN ALTIMA

2002 Models

2000 Models

$288

$450

$614

$19

$1641

$427

$678

$814

$3221

$1710

$805

$428

PONTIAC GRAND AM

1999 Models

$0 $286 $1403 $1057 $2746 $687

SATURN L SERIES

2000 Models

$0 $151 $418 $313 $882 $221

SUBARU LEGACY

2000 Models

1995 Models

$397

$367

$96

$386

$730

$836

$351

$816

$1574

$2405

$394

$601

TOYOTA CAMRY

2002 Models *

1997 Models

1995 Models

$243

$126

$320

$384

$104

$259

$725

$495

$1039

$650

$1175

$2112

$1375

$2793

$528

$344

$698

* The pole test of the Honda Accord was conducted off-center because of reinforcement in the middle of the rear bumper system that is effective in only a narrow range of impacts.

** The pole test was conducted off-center because of reinforcement in the middle of the rear bumper system that is effective in only a narrow range of impacts.

MIDSIZE MODERATELY PRICED CARS

ACURA TL

2002 Models  

$296 $436 $898 $1011 $2641 $660

AUDI A4

2002 Models  

$0 $0 $494 $371 $865 $216

HYUNDAI XG350

2002 Models

$1085 $765 $617 $852 $3319 $830

 MAZDA MILLENIA

1995 Models

$148 $376 $1178 $873 $2575 $644

NISSAN MAXIMA

INFINITI I30

2000 Models

1998 Models

1995 Maxima Models

$1065

$299

$512

$347

$192

$244

$439

$724

$814

$739

$320

2376

$2590

$1535

$3946

$648

$384

$987

SAAB 9-3

1999 Models

$0 $152 $679 $1447 $2278 $570

SAAB 900

1994 Models

$0 $0 $1109 $1514 $2623 $656

 TOYOTA AVALON

2000 Models

1998 Models

$341

$511

$407

$331

$648

$746

$607

$312

$2003

$1900

$501

$475

 VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT

1998 Models

1995 Models

$184

$650

$0

$858

$761

$958

$314

$1234

$1260

$3700

$315

$925

 VOLVO 850

1995 Models

$370 $318 $835 $1480 $3003 $751
MIDSIZE LUXURY CARS

AUDI  A6

1999 Models

$0 $0 $1070 $1090 $2160 $540

BMW 328i

2000 Models

$0 $1039 $797 $722 $2558 $640

CADILLAC CATERA

1999 Models

$900 $711 $1057 $1748 $4416 $1104

JAGUAR X-TYPE

2002 Models

$1254 $739 $2539 $2502 $7034 $1759

LEXUS ES300

2002 Models  *

$234 $557 $522 $553 $1866 $467

LEXUS IS 300

2002 Models

$979 $418 $1348 $1191 $3936 $984

MERCEDES C 320

2001 Models

$707 $1191 $980 $2813 $5691 $1423

SAAB 9-5

2002 Models

1999 Models

$670

$107

$1042

$126

$1469

$1262

$1268

$937

$4449

$2432

$1112

$608

VOLVO  S60

2002 Models

$769 $322 $759 $1642 $3492 $873

VOLVO S80

2000 Models **

$4194 $390 $1099 $1697 $7380 $1845

* The pole test was conducted off-center because of reinforcement in the middle of the rear bumper

         system that is effective in only a narrow range of impacts.

**  The repair cost from the front-into-flat barrier test includes the cost to replace airbags, which depolyed.

SMALL CARS

DODGE/PLYMOUTH NEON

2000 Models

1997 Models

$385

$151

$93

$104

$444

$390

$1197

$607

$2119

$1252

$530

$313

FORD FOCUS

2000 Models

1997 ESCORT Models

$33

$291

$1338

$188

$635

$876

$1033

$604

$3039

$1959

$760

$490

HONDA CIVIC

2001 Models*

1997 Models

$441

$66

$537

$109

$430

$954

$298

$546

$1706

$1675

$427

419

HYUNDAI ELANTRA

2001 Models

1999 Models

 1997 Models

$257

$576

$291

$0

$44

$432

$406

$1243

$842

$184

$8

$1826

$847

$1871

$3391

$212

$468

$848

KIA SEPHIA

1999 Models

1997 Models

$0

$391

$447

$513

$755

$836

$1284

$1455

$2486

$3195

$622

$799

MAZDA PROTEGE

    2000 Models**

1999 Models

 1997 Models

$204

$204

$658

$367

$693

$162

$1095

$1095

$529

$538

$2582

$721

$2204

$4574

$2070

$551

$1144

$518

MINI COOPER

2002 Models

$839 $223 $1498 $639 $3199 $800

MITSUBISHI LANCER

2002 Models

$347 $522 $1224 $1011 $3104 $776

 MITSUBISHI MIRAGE

1997 Models

$662 $263 $993 $1107 $3025

$756

NISSAN SENTRA

2000 Models

1998 Models  

$302

$484

$327

$0

$1169

$785

$327

$59

$2125

$1328

$531

$332

 SATURN SL

1997 Models

 $126 $78 $584 $0 $788 $197

 SUBARU IMPREZA

2002 Models

$413 $456   $606 $2515 $629

SUZUKI AERIO

2002 Models  

$771 $819 $1475 $1460 $4525 $1131

 TOYOTA COROLLA***

2003 Models

$289 $234 $337 $322 $1182

$296

 TOYOTA COROLLA

CHEVROLET PRIZM

1998 Models

$0 $381 $290 $274 $945 $236

VOLKSWAGEN JETTA

1999 Models

1997 Models

$151

$158

$52

$0

$744

$852

$162

$269

$1109

$1279

$277

$320

 VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE

1998 Model

$19 $0 $190 $0 $209 $52

 VOLVO S40

2002 Models

$414 $435 $1124 $1212 $3185 $769

*   At Honda's request, the front-into-angle barrier impact was repeated for the Civic.  Results were identical.

**   The front end of the 2000 Protege was not tested because no significant changes to the front bumper system were made between the 1999 and 2000 models.  It was assumed that the 1999 front-into-flat barrier and front-into-angle barrier damage results are also applicable to the 2000 model.

***    The pole test of the Toyota Corolla was conducted off-center because of reinforcement in the middle of the rear bumper system that is

             effective in only a narrow range of impacts.

LARGE PICKUPS

CHEVROLET SILVERADO 1500

2001 Models

$861 $999 $2258 $609 $4727 $1182

DODGE RAM 1500

2002 Models

2001 Models

$757

$2181

$948

$1581

$1128

$2510

$1014

$2192

$3847

$8464

$962

$2116

FORD F-150

2001 Models

$1284 $1373 $1215 $1927 $5799 $1450

TOYOTA TUNDRA

2001 Models

$1445 $1582 $2313 $1929 $7269 $1817
SMALL PICKUPS

CHEVROLET S-10

GMC SONOMA

1998 Models

$518 $37 $1823 $407 $2785 $696

DODGE DAKOTA

1998 Models

$484 $1477 $1312 $1376 $4649 $1162

FORD RANGER

MAZDA B SERIES

1998 Models

$200 $399 $1567 $1368 $3534 $884

NISSAN FRONTIER

1998 Models

$1258 $251 $1881 $1270 $4760 $1190

TOYOTA TACOMA

1998 Models

$1083 $951 $2173 $356 $4564 $1141
MIDSIZE UTILITY VEHICLES

ACURA MDX

2001 Models

$130 $334 $716 $812 $1992

$498